Monday, July 26, 2010
Monday, July 12, 2010
Muslim Rajputs
Muslim Rajputs
From BHATTIDOTCOM
     1st row: , M.A Jinnah, Umar Hayat Khan, Allama Mashriqi 2st row: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Amir Khan, Sajid Mahmood | ||||||
| Total population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18,906,000[1] | ||||||
| Regions with significant populations | ||||||
| ||||||
| Languages | ||||||
| • Punjabi • Sindhi • Seraiki • Urdu • Rajasthani• Gujarati •English | ||||||
| Religion | ||||||
•  Islam | ||||||
| Related ethnic groups | ||||||
| • Indo-Aryan people • Rajputs • Ranghar• Punjabi Rajputs • Sindhi Rajputs • Pahari Rajputs • Muslim Dogras |
Contents[hide] |
[edit] History
The term Rajput is traditionally applied to the original Suryavanshi, Chandravanshi and Agnivanshi clans, the ancient ruling dynasties of South Asia.[edit] Muslim conquest of South Asia
The history of the Muslim Rajput coincides with the Muslim conquest of South Asia. The Rajputs started converting to Islam due to Sufi misssionaries beginning with the conquest of Indus Valley from Multan to Debal by Muhammad bin Qasim in 711 AD. At the time of arrival of Islam, the north and western regions of South Asia were ruled by Rajput clans. The Rajputs and Muslim armies fought many battles for the control of South Asia. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni conquered the regal power of Rajput Maharaja Jayapala Shahi of the North Western South Asian region by 1026, through successive battles.Towards the end of the 13th century Sultan Muiz-uldin Muhammad of Ghor conquered Delhi after defeating last defence of the Rajputs in the second battle of Tarain 1192 , by Maharaja Prithvi Raj Chauhan. Ghori lost the first battle to Chauhan but was pardoned and allowed to return to Afghanistan where he subsequently reformed his army and attacked for the second time there by defeating Chauhan and establishing the Muslim empire by 1206.
In 1527, the Muslim Janjua Rajput clan aided the Mughal conquest of South Asia by taking part in the Imperial Mughal armies as Generals.[5] It must also be mentioned here that Hindu Rajputs also took part in these conquests as allies and even took part in marriages with the Mughals such as the Kachwaha Rajput Clan (who had to give Rani Jodhabai's hand to Mughal Emperor Akbar), Raja Man Singh aided Emperor Akbar in 1568 against the Sesodias.
The Mughal princes and Emperors had maternal Rajput blood. Emperor Muazzam Shah Alam Bahadar Shah's mother was a Muslim Rajput Nawab Bai Begum Sahiba (second wife of Emperor Aurangzeb) being the daughter of Raja Taj-ud-Din Jarral (Raja Chatar Shena Jarral) the late Raja of Rajauri, in Kashmir. Crown Prince Salim's mother was a Kachwaha Rajput princess, the sister of Jaipur's Maharaja Man Singh Kachwaha.
[edit] Conversion to Islam
Many Rajput clans were converted to Islam during the early 12th century and were given the title of Shaikh (elder of the tribe) by the Arab or Mirza by the Mughal rulers. Since conversion Rajput clans have remained loyal to their faith. Rajputs were converted to Islam by the Muslim Sufis missionaries of the famed Chistiya, Qadriya orders and many others. Rai Tulsi Das was converted to Islam by Makhdoom Jahania Jahangasht of Uch Sharif in 1323 AD and named Sheikh Sirajuddin alias Sheikh Chachu who established his independent state (District Ludhiana) given to him by Emperor Alauddin.[6][7].[8] Some conversions also took place for political reasons. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal dynasty encouraged the martial Rajput clans to convert to Islam. Conversions to Islam continued into the 19th century period of the British Raj.| “ | The fact of subsequent conversion to other faiths, did not deprive them of this heritage; just as the Greeks, after their conversion to Christianity, did not lose pride in the mighty achievements of their ancestors, of the Italians in the great days of the Roman Republic and early empire... Christians, Jews, Parsees, Moslems. Indian converts to these religions never ceased to be Indian on account of a change of their faith.... | ” |
| —From The Discovery of India by Jawaharlal Nehru[9] | ||
| “ | The general conversion of the Muslim Rajputs from Hinduism is supposed to have taken place towards the end of the 13th or early 14th century AD. The Muslim conquests undoubtedly accelerated this change of religion, but the preaching of several renowned Muslim saints, especially Baba Farid of Pakpattan, whose eloquence drew large numbers to hear him, helped considerably to this end... | ” |
| —From Punjabi Musalmans by J.M.Wikeley[11] | ||
He further stated the conversions of Hindu upper castes to Islam, "Some individuals belonging to the higher castes also adopted the new faith, because for political economic reasons because of fear... though all their social structure was based on the group (caste/social class), in matters of religion they were highly individualistic.... It is worth noting as a rule, conversions to Islam were group conversions to protect their entire race...Among the upper castes individuals may change their religion...almost an entire village would convert... group life as well as well as their functions continued as before with only minor variations with regards worship etc."[13]
The Muslim Rajputsare a multi-ethnic community who are partly descended from Arabs, Persians, Afghans and Turks. The Muslims of Middle East and Central Asia have historically, travelled to South Asia as technocrats, bureaucrats, soldiers, traders, scientists, architects, teachers, theologians and Sufis during the Islamic Sultanates and Mughal Empire and settled permanently. These Muslim families have intermarried with the Muslim Rajputs families.
[edit] Recent conversions and ethos
Regarding their rule as Muslim Rajput chiefs of multi-faith subjects, it is recorded in the Jhelum District Gazetteer "thoroughly convinced of the truth of their own Islamic creed, though they are by no means intolerant or fanatical."[14]The Rajput conversions attracted criticism from their Hindu counterparts. In fact a testimony of the steadfast practice of Islam by the Muslim Rajputs;
| “ | By and large, the only converts who keep the prescriptions of the (Islamic) Faith intact are the Muslim Rajputs | ” |
| —From Looking back on India by Hubert Evans[15] | ||
There is also recorded instances of recent conversions of Rajputs to Islam in Western Uttar Pradesh, Khurja tahsil of Bulanshahr.[17]
But despite the difference in faith, where the question has arisen of Common Rajput honour, there have been instances where both Muslim and Hindu Rajputs have united together against threats from external ethnic groups.[18]
[edit] Muslim Gautama Thakurs
An interesting example is also of the Gautamana Thakurs Gautama is the gotra of Kshatriya Rajputs of Uttar Pradesh, India. Gautama Maharishi is one of the Saptarishis (Seven Great Sages Rishi) He was one of the Maharishis of Vedic times, known to have been the discoverer of Mantras -- 'Mantra-drashtaa', in Sanskrit. The kshatriyas consisting of both Hindus and Muslims, co exist as a single tribe, supported each other staunchly through the Pre Partition Communal riots and have continued their respect towards one another despite the two distinct faiths of Islam and Hinduism. They are a sub-group of the Khanzada community of Awadh, a larger grouping of Muslim Rajputs.[19][edit] Rajput of the Punjab Hill States and Kashmir
History of the Panjab Tribes by J. Hutchinson and J.P.Vogel lists a total of 22 states (16 Hindu and 6 Muslim) that formed the State of Jammu following the conquest of Kashmir by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1820. Of these 6 Muslim states, two (Kotli and Punch) were ruled by Mangrals, two (Bhimber and Khari-Khariyala) were ruled by Chibs one (Rajouri) was ruled by the Jarrals and one (Khashtwar) was ruled by the Khashtwaria. Of these 22 states, 21 formed a pact with Ranjit Singh and formed the State of Jammu. Only Poonch ruled by the Mangrals retained a state of semi-autonomy. Following the War of 1947 Poonch was divided and is now split between Pakistan Administered Kashmir Poonch District (AJK) and Indian Administered Kashmir Poonch.[20]As stated in History of the Panjab Hill States by J.Hutchinson and J.P. Vogel;
- "Kotli was founded about the fifteenth century by a branch of the royal family of Kashmir.Kotli and Punch remained independent until subdued by Ranjit Singh in 1815 and 1819 respectively."
[edit] British Raj references of Muslim Rajputs
A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province based on the census report for the Punjab, 1883 written by Sir Denzil Ibbetson has reference to the Mangral Rajput. Under Western Rajputs, he writes that "The third Group is the Rajpoots of the western hills including the Salt Range Tract, comprising both dominant tribes of proud position such as Janjua and Mongrel Rajpoots from the Jammu hills" [21]During the British era, the English quickly recognised the martial spirit of the Muslim Rajput and conferred great respect on their prominent clans and also documented their presence in the British army, praising their Martial traditions and abilities.
The Bais Rajputs of Awadh were describe as the
| “ | "Best dressed and housed people of southern Oudh. | ” |
In 1922 there is a mention of Muslim Rajputs having their own regiments as well as taking part in other famous regiments;
- 18th Musalman Rajput regiment [23]
- Punjabi Musalmans [24]
- 35th Scinde Horse [25]
- 36th Jacob's Horse [26]
- 17th Musalman Rajput regiment of Wana, Bengal Army
- Mauritius 18th Muslim Rajput regiment [27]
| “ | "the recruiting ground par excellence for Punjábi Musalmáns...The Janjúas of the Salt Range are considered second to none in martial spirit and tradition, and with the Tiwánás form the élite of the Punjábi Musalmáns | ” |
| “ | The Janjuahs furnish excellent Cavalry recruits.... The Janjua clan are famous Muslim Rajputs of the Punjab region | ” |
[edit] Beliefs and customs
[edit] Change of name
A custom during these conversions was to adopt a new name to reflect their change of faith. Many Rajput kings changed their names, but also retained their ancestral/lineal titles such as tribal Clan names. This sense of identity has never been lost and Islam did in fact support and recognize "tribal identity".[edit] Marriages
Hindu Rajput code dictates that Rajputs can only marry amongst other Rajputs that's why Mostly Muslim Rajputs still marry into other Muslim Rajputs only.. However, tradition of marriages into only one group or clan because of caste reasons is not permitted in Islam. This led to a great change in the traditional Rajput marital policy. Muslim Rajputs therefore started to marry from other dominant aristocratic Muslim clans. This was to continue the tradition of royal/strategic marriages without prejudice to Rajput affiliation. This was further realized when some major Rajput clans of Punjab intermarried into other clans of foreign descent. However, Mostly Muslim Rajputs still follow the custom of only marrying into other Muslim Rajput clans only.Being recent converts to Islam from a culturally Rajput background, there was very little difference between Rajasthani and Uttar Pradeshi Hindu and Muslim Rajputs (outside of religious practices)[30]. Hence up until recently, marriages between Muslim and Hindu Rajputs also took place.[31]
[edit] Genealogical family trees
This is a strong tradition that exists amongst the most distinguished of Rajputs of all faiths, the recording of family names and continuance of the family tree. Muslim Rajputs of prominence hold and continue to record their genealogical trees since their Hindu past even after their conversion to Islam, to the present day. The less distinguished Rajputs or claimants of Rajput heritage will more than likely not have ancestral records of family lineage.[edit] Inheritance
A reference to certain customs of inheritance and marriage of Muslim Rajputs is mentioned on this link in relation to Hindu Rajputs and other tribes.[32][edit] Titles
Some Muslim Rajputs use the title of honor Jam: Jaam. Jam is considered as true spellings but pronounced as Jaam . Jam means having the royal competency or Prince Equal to Rajput. and almost all Muslim Rajputs use the title of Jam to call someone honorably.Majority of Muslim Rajputs use their ancient Royal titles such as Raja, Rana, Rao and Rai. All these titles are originated from the ancient Sanskrit word Rajanya.
Many Muslim Rajputs were also conferred titles by the Delhi Sultans and the Mughal Emperors such as Sultan (king), Malik (Royal, King), Nawab ( Provincial Governor), Sirdar (Chief), Khan, Mian and Mirza (Royal prince), Sheikh (elder,Royal, King of the tribe), after embracing Islam.
- Raja: It was not uncommon for such titles to continue down the line of descent. Although the majority of Muslim Rajputs use Raja as their ancestral title.this is the main and this is the highest title in Pakistan.
- Rana: Rana is a princely title of Royalty means The King of Kings or A Great King. Muslim Rajputs in Pakistani Punjab mainly in Lahore, Sheikhupura, Gujranwala, Faisalabad and Sialkot use the title of Rana.
- Rao: The majority of Raos in Pakistan are Muslim Punwar (Pawar) Rajputs. Raos can be found all across Pakistan and are found in large numbers in the Punjab Province. Raos are the brave people of the country as the majority of Raos are in Army forces of Pakistan. Rao in Rajasthan called Jagirdar.
- Rai: Rai was a title of honor for certain Bhatti Rajput rulers, like Rai Khala, the ruler of Raikot State-Ludhiana 1705 AD.and Rai Bular rular of Nankana The title today is found mostly in the Pakistani province of Punjab.
- Kunwar: (pronounced Koo-war) Hindu Janjuas use the title of Kunwar with their names. The variation of the pronounced word, Kanwar is also used by Muslim Janjuas also. Kanwar Muhammad Dilshad being the Secretary of the Election Commission of Pakistan.
- Khan: Khan or Khaan. the title of Khaan. It is also spelled as Khaan. Khaan is considered as true speelings because it is خاں in Urdu. Khaan means the royal blood or Prince Equal to Rajput. so, originally it is Khaan. almost all Muslim Rajputs use the title of Khaan or Khan instead of Singh Title.
- Sirdar: This title is manily used by the Sikh Minhas Rajputs. However, lately some Muslim Minhas Rajput clans in Azad Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab Sialkot & Chakwal have also started using this title due to various reasons.
- Sultan: The Janjua Rajputs of Jhelum were bestowed the title of Sultan, currently still used and recognised in Kusuk, Watli and the Sultan of Makhiala. It was bestowed upon the Houses of Watli and Makhiala by Emperor Babur is only used by the one head man of each Dynasty respectively.[33] The current Sultan of Watli Fort and riyasat of Watli being Raja Sultan Azmat Hayat Janjua.
- Nawab: The title Nawab was conferred on the ruler of the Darapur State, Malik Talib Mehdi Khan. His current descendants use the title as Nawabzada since the abolition of Princely States in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Current chief of the famed Darapur Dynasty being, Nawabzada Iqbal Mehdi Khan.
- Mirza: Some also adopted the Persian title of Mirza instead of Rajput to distinguish their Muslim identity from their previous Hindu one as it is a Persian word meaning prince of the blood, the equivalent of Raj-putra. Although the Rajputs of the Jarral dynasty were ordained as Mirza's after their intermarriage with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir. That lineage today resides in Saman Burj, Wazirabad and some continue to use Mirza as prefix but the majority descendents of Jarral Rajputs continue to use Raja as recognised by the Queen.
- Malik: The title Malik (meaning prince) is used by a branch of the Jhelum Jodh branch of Janjua. Malik Darwesh Khan and Malik Hast (Asad) were known by these titles. Janjuas of Shadia Dist Mianwali are also referred to as Malik. (They are in dominance in Shadia and have the following sub clans; Mulkai Khel, Pattu Khel, Aziz Khel, Longi, Musi, Shah Mir Khel, Janu Khel, Ahmed Khel, Shah-wali Khel, Mehrwan Khel, Zaid Khel, Malu Khel and Sikandri Janjua.
- Sheikh: The title Sheikh (meaning Elder,Royal,king of state).Many honorable Rajput clans had converted to Islam during the early 12th century and were given the honorary title of Sheikh (elder,Royal, King of the tribe) by the sufi saints and Arabs due whom they embraced Islam.Sheiukh rajputs were the earliest in Rajputs to embrace Islam.
- Mian: This title was conferred upon the 'Punjab Hill Chiefs' by the Mughal King, Jhangir and was used by most of the Rajput tribes in the Punjab Hills for many centuries. The elder brother was called Raja, whereas his younger brothers were called Mian. Lately, the Rajputs have decided to use 'Thakur' instead of this Mughal title.
[edit] Martial traditions
Some of the most respected officers of the Pakistan Army including its first General, PA 1, Muhammed Akbar Khan (Order of the British Empire), PA 2 General Muhammad Iftikhar Khan(designated to become the first C-in-C, but died in an aircrash), PA 12 Brig.General Muhammed Zafar(first Indian to become Commander of Cavalary) and PA 48 General Muhammad Anwar Khan (Pakistan's first E-in-C) all hail from this clan. General Anwar is considered the father of Pakistan's Corps of Engineers, and also served as Chairman OGDC.
[edit] Top military awards
[edit] Victoria Cross
On 31 October 1914, at Hollebeke, Belgium, 26-year old Khan performed an act of bravery for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross during the First World War.[edit] Hilal-e-Kashmir
Hilal-e-Kashmir is equal to Nishan-e-Haider. Saif Ali Janjua Shaheed received Hilal-e-Kashmir. He fought and was killed in the Kashmir sector during the 1948 War.[edit] Nishan-e-Haider
Five Rajputs was awarded Pakistan's top military honour, the Nishan-E-Haider .- Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed Bhatti
- Sawar Muhammad Hussain Shaheed Janjua
- Major Raja Aziz Bhatti Shaheed
- Rashid Minhas Shaheed Minhas
- Major Shabbir Sharif Shaheed Nishan-e-Haider
[edit] Demographics
The 1931 census of British India was the last to record caste affiliation in a manner that provides reliable information on Rajput demographics. Any present-day estimates are therefore speculative; they also vary widely.The 1931 census reported a total of 10.7 million people self-describing as Rajput. Of this population, about 8.6 million people also self-described as being Hindu, about 2.1 million as being Muslim Rajput and about 50,000 as being Sikh Rajput by religion.
[edit] Distribution
The Joshua Project reported that 16,561,000 Pakistani's describing as Muslim Rajputs about 10% of the total population of Pakistan.[2] Largest Provinces on file the Punjab (8,969,000), the Sindh (4,720,000), the Azad Kashmir (643,000), the Islamabad (223,000), the North-West Frontier Province (174,000), the Balochistan (37,000).Major languages spoken by the Muslim Rajputs of Pakistan: Punjabi, Western (7,459,000 speakers), Sindhi (2,671,000), Seraiki (1,592,000), Urdu (1,458,000).
As well as Pakistan Joshua Project also reported that 2,310,000 of Indian describing as Muslim Rajputs.[3] Largest States on file the Uttar Pradesh (1,528,000), the Jammu and Kashmir (176,000), the Haryana (161,000), the Rajasthan (91,000), the Delhi (68,000), the Uttarakhand (65,000), the Gujarat (57,000), the Punjab (28,000), the Maharashtra (28,000), the Andhra Pradesh (17,000).
Major Languages Spoken by the Muslim Rajputs of India. Urdu (1,725,000 Speakers), Kashmiri (73,000), Panjabi, Eastern (72,000), Marwari (63,000), Gujarati (39,000).
After independence of Pakistan in 1947, nearly all Muslim Rajputs of East Punjab, Haryana and other parts of northern India migrated and settled in Pakistan.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=113109
- ^ a b http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=113109&rog3=PK
- ^ a b http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php
- ^ People of India by Sir H Riseley
- ^ The Baburnama, 2002, W.M Thackston, p377
- ^ Martyrdom in Islam' David Cook, Publ Cambridge University Press, 2007, p75 online version
- ^ Gender in World History Peter N. Stearns, PublRoutledge, 2000, p41 online version
- ^ The History of Islamic Political Thought Antony Black, Publ Routledge, 2001, 160 online version
- ^ The Discovery of India by Jawaharlal Nehru, Oxford Uni. Press 1985, p62, p341
- ^ The Discovery of India, 2004, Penguin, p51
- ^ Punjabi Musalmans by J.M.Wikeley, Manohar 1991, p4
- ^ The Discovery of India by Jawaharlal Nehru, Oxford Uni. Press 1985, p265
- ^ The Discovery of India by Jawaharlal Nehru, Oxford Uni. Press 1985, p266
- ^ Jhelum District Gazetteer Lahore, repr.2004, p129
- ^ Looking back on Indiaby Hubert Evans, 1988, p112
- ^ Rulers of India, Lord Lawrence and the Reconstruction of India Under The Crown by Sir Charles Aitcheson, K.C.S.I., M.A., LL.D., Clarendon Press 1897,V p117
- ^ Muslim Women by Zakia A. Siddiqi, Anwar Jahan Zuberi, Aligarh Muslim University, India University Grants, M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1993, p93
- ^ Self and sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850 by Ayesha Jalal, Routledge 2000, p480,p481
- ^ <India Today
- ^ History of the Panjab Hill States by J. Hutchinson, J.P. Vogel
- ^ Panjab Castes by Sir Denzil Ibbetson
- ^ Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars By C. A. Bayly
- ^ [1]
- ^ The Punjabi Musalmans by J. M. Wikeley - 1991, chiefly represented by the Janjua and Tiwanas (from the Rajput side)
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ [4]
- ^ The Jhelum Gazetteer of 1904 Lahore 2002, p254
- ^ Chiefs and Families of note in the Punjab 1909, Lahore, p217
- ^ People Of India by K. S. Singh, B. K. Lavania, S. K. Mandal, Anthropological Survey of India, N. N. Vyas, Popular Prakashan, 1998, p880
- ^ India's Literary History by Stuart H. Blackburn, Vasudha Dalmia, Orient Longman, 2004, p26
- ^ source
- ^ Punjab Chiefs Sir Lepel H.Griffin KCSI, Lahore 1909, p217
RAJPUT BHATTI
Rajput Bhatti
This article is about the tribe. For the town, see Bhati (town). For the medieval author, see Bhaṭṭikāvya. For the oven called a "bhatti", see Tandoor.
 | This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (May 2009) |
Contents[hide] |
[edit] Early history
Lord Krishna+Devi Rukmini
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Pradyumna
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Aniruddh Vajranabh
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Shankhanabha Khira
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Ptitibahu Jadeja YudhbhanThe other tribes who were often defeated by great Yadus now attacked Dwarka and Nabha had to flee Dwarka and became king of Marusthali. His son Prithibahu inherited the insignia of Lord Krishna and the chatri (Royal Umbrella) made by Vishwakarma. His descendant was Bahubal who married Kamlavati the daughter of King Vijay Singh of Malwa. Bahubal was killed in a horse accident and his son was Subahu.Subahu was married to daughter Chauhan king of Ajmer, Subahu fought many wars with Mallechha's (western warriors). His son was Rajh who was married to Sobhag Sundari, daughter of Malwa prince Veer Singh. Rajh's son was Gaj, who married the daughter of Yudhbhan, the prince of Purabdes.
Gaj faced an army of Farid Shah Mamrez of Khorassan with an army of 4 Lakh, the armies met at Kunjshahr. The invaders were defeated and lost 30,000 men, the Rajputs lost 4000. Khorassan king attacked again and was defeated in second battle but Raja Rajh was slain. Khorasan king again conspired with Romipati, king of Rum, and seeing the odds against his army, Raja Gaj decided to go north and established Gajini (in modern day Afghanistan). When the two armies were about to meet, the king of Khorasan died of dysentry, when the news of Khorasan king Mamrez's death was told to Romi Pati, king of Rum, although disappointed, still decided to go ahead with War. This was year 3008 Dharmraj Yudhisther Samvat and on 3rd of Baishakh month of rohini nakshatra, The Hindus defeated the Malechha Armies of Khorasan and Rum. Guj, seated on Gajni maintained the Jadon race. He then conquered all countries to west and sent ambassador to Kashmir, Gaj invaded Kashmir and whose princess he married and had a son called Salivahan. When Salivahan was 12, another wave came from west from Khorasan, Raja Guj sent Salivahan with some trusted members to Jvala Mukhi in Kangra (Himachal Pradesh). Raja Guj lost Gajni and was slain along with other clansmen.
Gaj's son was Raja Salivahan, he established Salivahanpur in Vikram Samvat 72 (129 AD), Salbahan conquered the whole region of the Panjab. He had fifteen sons who all became Rajas namely
GAJ
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Salivahan
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Baland Rasalu Dharmangad Vacha Rupa Sundar Lekh Jaskaran Nema Mat Nipak Gangau Jagau all of whom by the strength of their own arms established themselves in independence.The coconut (marriage proposal) from Raja Jaipal Tuar was sent from Delhi and accepted, Prince Baland proceeded to Delhi whose prince advanced to meet him. On his return with his bride Salbahan was determined to redeem Gajni from the foe and avenge his father's death He crossed the Attock to encounter Jalal who advanced at the head of twenty thousand men. Crowned with victory he regained possession of Gajni where he left Baland and returned to his capital in the Panjab he soon after died having ruled thirty three years and nine months.
Raja Baland succeeded. His brothers had now established themselves in all the mountainous tracts of the Panjab. But the Turks began rapidly to increase and to subjugate all beneath their sway and the lands around Gajni were again in their power. Baland had no minister but superintended in person all the details of his government. He had seven sons viz:
Baland
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Bhatt Bhupati Kalar Janj Sarmor Bhainsrekha Mangreo. [edit] Chakito tribe
The second son of Baland was Bhupati (i.e., lord of the earth)and he had a son Chakito from whom is descended the Chakito Chagatai tribe.Baland who resided at Salbahanpur left Gajni to the charge of his grandson Chakito and as the power of the barbarian Mlechchha increased he not only entertained troops of that race but all his nobles were of the same body. They offered him a deal that if he would quit the religion of his fathers (Hinduism) to make him master of Balkh Bokhara where dwelt the Usbek race whose king had no offspring but one daughter. Chakito married her and became king of Balkh Bokhara and lord of twenty eight thousand horse Between Balkh and Bokhara runs a mighty river and Chakito was king of all from the gate of Balakhshan to the face of Hindustan and from him is descended the tribe of Chakito Mongols.
Kalar - third son of Baland had eight sons whose descendants are designated Kalar. Their names were Sheodas Ramdas Aso Krishna Sama Ganga Jassa Bhaga almost all of whom became Musalmans. They are a numerous race inhabiting the mountainous countries west of the river 4 and notorious robbers.
Janj - the fourth son had seven sons Champa Gokul Mehraj Hansa Bhadon Rasa Jaga all whose issue bore the name of Janj and in like manner did the other sons become the patriarchs of tribes.
[edit] Bhatti
Bhatti succeeded his father Baland. He conquered fourteen princes and added their fortunes to his own. Among his effects he reckoned twenty four thousand mules laden with treasure, sixty thousand horse and innumerable foot. As soon as he mounted the gaddi he assembled all his forces at Lahore preparatory to the tika daur, destined against Birbhan Baghel lord of Kanakpur, Birbhan fell in the battle which ensued at the head of forty thousand men.Bhatti had two sons Mangal Rao and Masur Rao. With Bhatti the patronymic was changed and the tribe thenceforth was distinguished by his name - the Bhatis.
Mangal Rao succeeded but his fortune was not equal to that of his fathers, Dhundi king of Ghazni, with a mighty force invaded Lahore, nor did Mangal Rao opposed him but with his eldest son fled into the wilds on the banks of the river. The foe then invested Salbahanpur where resided the family of the Raja but Masur Rao escaped and fled to the Lakhi Jungle. There being only a cultivating peasantry in this tract he overcame them and became master of the country.
Masur Rao had two sons Abhai Rao and Saran Rao. The elder Abhai Rao brought the whole Lakhi Jungle under his control and his issue which multiplied became famous as the Aboharia Bhattis. Saran quarrelled with and separated from his brother and his issue descended to the rank of cultivators and are well known as the Saran Jats.
Mangal Rao the son of Bhatti and who abandoned his kingdom had six sons viz:
Bhatt
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Mangal Rao
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Majam Rao Kalarsi Mulraj Sheoraj Phul Kewala.
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Kehar Mulrai and Gogli.When Mangal Rao fled from the king his children were secreted in the houses of his subjects [Ref: Todd - page 1186]. Mangal Rao who found shelter in the wilds of the Gara, crossed that stream and subjugated a new territory At this period the tribe of Baraha, inhabited the banks of the river beyond them were the Buta Rajputs of Butaban. In Pugal dwelt the Pramara, in Dhat the Sodha race and the Lodra Rajputs in Lodorva. Here Mangal Rao found security and with the sanction of the Sodha prince he fixed his future abode in the centre of the lands of the Lodras the Barahas and the Sodhas.On the death of Mangal Rao he was succeeded by Majam Rao who escaped from Salbahanpur with his father. He was recognized by all the neighbouring princes who sent the usual presents on his accession and the Sodha prince of Amarkot made an offer of his daughter in marriage which was accepted and the nuptials were solemnized at Amarkot. He had three sons viz:
Kehar Mulraj and Gogli.
Rao Kehar became renowned for his exploits. Hearing of a caravan kafila of five hundred horses going from Aror to Multan he pursued them with a chosen band disguised as camel merchants and came up with his prey across the Panjnad where he attacked and captured it and returned to his abode. By such exploits he became known and the coconut (nariyal) was sent to Majam Rao for his two elder sons by Alansi Deora of Jalor. The nuptials were celebrated with great splendour and on their return Kehar laid the foundation of a castle which he named Tanot in honour of Goddess Tana or Tanuja maata, Ere it was completed Rao Majam died, Rao Tano succeeded. Rao Kehar had five sons viz:
Kehar | ---------------------- | | | | Tano Utirao Chanar Kaphrio.All of them had offspring who became the heads of clans retaining the patronymic. All were soldiers of fortune and they conquered the lands of the Chana Rajputs, but the latter revenged themselves upon Kehar whom they attacked and slew as he was hunting.
[edit] Tano fights Husain Shah
Rao Tano succeeded, he laid waste the lands of the Barahas and those of the Langha of Multan. But Husain Shah advanced with the Langaha Pathans clothed in armour with iron helms with the men of Dhudhi, of Khichi, the Khokhar, the Mughal, the Johiya the, Jud and Sayyid, all mounted on horses to the number of ten thousand men to attack the Jadon Rao Tano. They reached the territory of the Barahas who joined them and there they encamped, Rao Tano collected his brethren around him and prepared for defence. During four days they defended the castle and on the fifth the Rao ordered the gates to be thrown open and with his son Bijairae sallied out sword in hand and attacked the besiegers. The Barahas were the first to fly and they were soon followed by the rest of the Asurs. The victors carried the spoils of the field into Tanot. As soon as the armies of Multan and Langaha were driven off the coconut came from Jiju chief of the Butas of Butaban and an alliance offensive and defensive was formed against the prince of Multan.Tano had five sons Bijairae Makar Jaitang Alan and Rakecha. The second son Makar had issue Maipa who had two sons Mohola and Dakao the latter of whom excavated the lake known by his name. The third son Jaitang had two sons Ratansi and Chohar The first repaired the ruined city of Bikampur, Hohar had two sons Kola and Girraj who founded the towns of Kolasar and Girrajsar.
Rao Tano
|
---------------------------
| | | | |
Bijairae Makar Jaitang Alan Rakecha
|
Deoraj
|
Mund
|
Bachera
|
-----------------------------
| | | | |
Dusaj Singh Bapi Rao Ankho Malpasao
|
--------------
| |
Jaisal Bijayraj
Tano having by the interposition of the goddess Bijaiseni discovered a hidden treasure and erected a fortress which he named Bijnot and in this he placed a statue of the goddess on the 13th the enlightened part of the month Margsir the Rohini Nakshatra S 813 (AD 757). He died after ruling eighty years.Bijairae succeeded in S 870 AD 814. He commenced his reign with the tika daur against his old enemies the Barahas whom he defeated and plundered. In VS 892 he had a son by the Buta queen who was called Deoraj. The Barahas and Langahas once more united to attack the Bhatti prince but they were defeated and put to flight. Finding that they could not succeed by open warfare they had recourse to treachery and killed Bijairae when he had gone with his clansmen to marry the Bahara Princess. Tanot was then invested and taken and nearly every soul in it put to the sword so that the very name of Bhatti was for a while extinct.
Deoraj was protected by his maternal relatives and was kept hidden for a while, he then built a castle in Derawar. Deoraj determined to wreak his revenge on the Barahas and he enjoyed it even to stripping the scarfs from the heads of their females. On his return to Derawar he prepared for an attack on Langaha the heir of which was then on a marriage expedition at Alipur. There Deoraj attacked and slew a thousands of them and then established himself with no opponents. He was treacherously killed while on hunting.
Raja Mund succeeded him and the tika daur was against the assassins of his father who had congregated for defence, eight hundred of whom were put to death. Rawal Mund had one son who was called Bachera, when about fourteen years of age the coconut came from Balabh sen - the Solanki Raja of Patan. He forthwith proceeded to Patan (Gujarat).
Rawal Bachera or Wachuji Bachera succeeded on Saturday the 12th Sravan S 1035. The same rites of installation were performed the Kanphara - split eared Jogi was the first to put the regal lilak on his forehead and his hand upon his back. Rawal Bachera had five sons Dusaj Singh Bapi Rao Ankho and Malpasao all of whom had issue forming clans.
Rawal Dusaj - In the month of Asarh V.S. 1100, Hamir - the prince of the Sodhas made an incursion into his territories which he plundered Dusaj having unavailingly remonstrated reminding him of ancient ties he marched into Dhat and gained a victory. Dusaj had two sons Jaisal and Bijairaj and in his old age a third son by a Ranawat princess of the house of Mewar called Lanja Bijairae who when Dusaj died was placed on the throne by the nobles and civil officers of the State. Lanja Bijairae's son was Bhojdeo from a Solanki princess from Patan and he ruled from Lodarva.
Rao Jaisul conspired against his nephew who was always guarded by Solankis, and joined hands with King of Ghor and slew Bhojdeo who was defending Lodarva.
The Foundation of Jaisalmer c AD 1156 - Jaisal thus obtained the gaddi of Lodorva, but it being open to invasion he sought a spot better adapted for defence and he found one only five coss/ ten miles from Lodorva. On Raviwar (Sunday) the day of the sun a favourite day for commencing any grand undertaking with all these tribes the 12th of Sravan month (about July), the enlightened half of the moon S 1212 or AD 1156 the foundation of Jaisalmer was laid and soon the inhabitants with all that was valuable abandoned Lodorva and began to erect new habitations. Jaisal had two sons Kelan and Salbahan.
[edit] Rawal Jaisal Singh
Main article: Rawal Jaisal
Rawal Jaisal Singh was the Bhatti Rajput who founded "The Golden City" of Jaisalmer in 1156 AD. The new fort that he built was on a hill called Trikuta.[7][edit] Jaisalmer
The state of Jaisalmer was positioned right on the route from Afghanistan to Delhi. Taking advantage of this strategic position, the Bhattis levied taxes on the passing caravansBhatti Rajputs were proficient horse riders,marksman and warriors. Their reign spread to the Punjab,Sindh and beyond, to Afghanistan. The City of Ghazni was named after a brave Bhatti warrior Raja Gaj.. In Lahore, a monument exists to this day, which is called the Bhati Gate, named so probably because it opens in the direction of the "Sandal Bar", an area ruled by Rai Sandal Khan Bhatti Rajput.
Main article: Jaisalmer
The majority of the inhabitants of Jaisalmer are Bhatti, who take their name from an ancestor named Bhatti, renowned as a warrior when the tribe were located in the Punjab area[citation needed]. Shortly after this the clan was driven southwards, and found a refuge in the Indian desert, which was henceforth its home. Prince Deoraj, a famous prince of the Bhatti family, is esteemed the real founder of the Jaisalmer dynasty, and with him the title of Rawal commenced.In 1156 A.D. Rawal Jaisal, the sixth in succession from Deoraj, founded the fort and city of Jaisalmer, and made it his capital as he moved from his former capital at Lodhruva (which is situated about 15 km to the south-east of Jaisalmer).
In 1293, the Bhattis so enraged the emperor Ala-ud-din Khilji that his army captured and sacked the fort and city of Jaisalmer, so that for sometime it was quite deserted. Some Bhatti's migrated to Talwandi, now Nankana Sahib in Distt. Nankana Sahib and others settled in Larkana (in Sind, Pakistan) under the name of Bhutto. In Nankana Sahib, the Bhatti Clan can be traced from the lineage of Rai Bhoe and Rai Bular Bhatti. After this there is nothing to record until the time of Rawal Sahal Singh, whose reign marks an epoch in Bhatti history in that he finally gave in and acknowledged the supremacy of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. The Jaisalmer princes had now arrived at the height of their power, but from this time till the accession of Rawal Mulraj in 1762 the fortunes of the state rapidly declined, and most of its outlying provinces were lost. In 1818 Mulraj entered into political relations with the British. Maharawal Salivahan, born in 1887, succeeded to the chieftainship in 1891.
The Maharajas of Jaisalmer trace their lineage back to Krishna through Jaitsimha, a ruler of the Bhatti Rajput clan. The major opponents of the Bhatti Rajputs were the powerful Rathor clans of Jodhpur and Bikaner. They used to fight battles for the possession of forts, waterholes or cattle. Jaisalmer was positioned strategically and was a halting point along a traditional trade route traversed by the camel caravans of Indian and Asian merchants. The route linked India to Central Asia , Egypt, Arabia, Persia, Africa and the West.
[edit] Geographical distribution
[edit] India
In India, Bhati/Bhatti reside mainly in the states of Rajasthan and Punjab (India) (where they have traditionally come to be known as Bhatti in Punjabi).[edit] In Gujarat
n Gujarat, Bhatis have several jagirs in the Sabarkantha district, including Ranasan, Munai, Torda, Bhutiya, Vajepur and Chandarni of Idar and Himmatnagar Taluka being the biggest Bhati community village in Gujarat. Bhati Rajputs in Gujarat are descendants of 12th-century immigrants from Osiya in Rajasthan.[edit] In Punjab
In Punjab, several villages have only BHATTI.The Patiala and East Punjab States Union has a large concentration of Bhatti.
Bhati Rajputs are in the villages Sahlon, Ghurial(jalandhar), Phuglana, Salah, Daroli, Machhli Kalan, Lalru, Jhawansa, Tardak, Joli,Samgoli Nagla, Jhhanjeri, Cholta, Badali, Rangian, Magra,Gunnoo Bhattian, and Khellan-mallan,killianwali(mukatsar,punjab),Shergarh(dabwali,sirsa,haryana). They migrated from Jaisalmer in the 12th century.
[edit] In Rajasthan
In Rajasthan, they are found in the Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Barmer, and some tehsils of Gurdaspur, Shergarh Udaipur (Mohi) and Nagaur (Ladnun).[edit] In Uttar Pradesh
There are about three hundred sixty five villages of Bhati Gujjars in the district of NOIDA Bulandshahar, Ghaziabad and Meerut.In Uttar Pradesh there are several villages where Bhattis reside. These are Kakrala in Budaun district, Yahiyapur in Pratapgarh district, Bhargain in Etah district, and Thiriya Nizamat Khan in Bareilly district. In Awadh, the Bhatti of Awadh form a distinct Muslim Rajput community.
[edit] In South India
In Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu people of caste "Bhatraju" are considered to have come from Kshatriya blood line of Pandavas. Chandravansh Kshatriyas Vikramaditya and Bhatti denote some of the known ancestral origins of this community and that's where part of the name Bhat comes from.The Bhatti residing in the village of Killianwali, tehsil Malout, Muktsar district,and Shergarh,(tehsil dabwali,district sirsa,haryana) have adopted the Sikh religion.
[edit] Pakistan
In the Punjab (Pakistan) province, Bhatti Rajputs are found in Nankana Sahib, Jhang, Gujranwala, Mandi Bahauddin, Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujrat, Jhelum, Gujarkhan, Chakwal, Sialkot, Sahiwal, Okara, Sargodha, Fateh Jang (Hattar), Talagang, Hafizabad, Narowal, Bahawalpur, Dera Ghazi Khan, Rahim Yar Khan, Multan, Lodhran, Khanpur, Liaquatpur, Rawalpindi and Bahawalnagar,Vehari,Pakpattan , Kotmurad district Sheikhupura, Sheikhupura cities of the Punjab.In Sindh Province they are found in the districts of Sukkur, Ghotki, Hyderabad, Nawabshah, Sanghar, Tando Adam, Thatta, Dadu, Hala, Khairpur, Mirpur Khas, Shahdadpur, Tharparkar i.e. Mithi and Bhit Island, in Karachi. In azad kashmir they found dhal qazian,surrol,malot,rangla and dheerkot in district bagh. also found in muzaffar abad, rawalakot and poonch
[edit] Religion
Bhati/Bhatti Rajputs are predominantly Hindus in India, while in Pakistan they are mostly Muslims. When Bhatti Rajputs migrated to Punjab region centuries ago, the local Punjabi people started calling them "Bhatti Rajputs" in the local Punjabi language, as Bhati is pronounced as Bhatti in Punjabi. The majority of the Hindu population of Bhatti Rajputs can be found in the state of Rajasthan, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh; the rest of them are scattered across the rest of India.The Sikh population of Bhatti Rajputs is in the Doaba and malwa region of Punjab in India.
[edit] Bhatti clans in Sindh
The Muslim population of the Sindhi Bhattis is found predominantly in the Sindh province. In Sindh the major clans of Bhattis are the Dadani, Mahar, Mangrio, Bhutto, Kamario, Rajpar, Bhamban and Indhar. All Bhattis are related to Samma clans as they are Yadubansi too. For example, Abro's sub-clans (Mungrani, Kehar, Odho, Sarki, Bhootani, Pechoho, Unar, Khuhro, Bhayo, Junejo, and Phulpoto) are related to Bhattis.[edit] Bhatti clans in Punjab
There are about forty sub-branches of the Bhattis/Bhati. Many Rajput, Jats and Gujjar tribes in Punjab trace their origin to the Bhatti. Some of these tribes include Mair Rajputs of Punjab, Rajput Jenjer/Janjar, Rajput Mers of Kathiawar, Rajputs of the Bajju clan as well as the famed Jats of the Sidhu dynasty (currently ruling Patiala). Other Jat clans claiming Bhatti origin include the Khaira, Brar, Ghuman, Sahasi, Sansis and Mane clans. In addition the Manj Rajputs are also Bhatti. Other Rajput clans claiming Bhatti origin include the Alpial, Indhar (from which the Rais of Bhong are), Kalyar, Kanju, Uttera, Noon, Dhandla, Wattu, Bhabha, Diyal, Mittru, and Hattar. In Pakistani administered Kashmir, the Narma Rajputs also claim a Bhatti origin.[edit] Genealogy of Jaisalmer Kingdom
1. KEHAR I, founded Tanot in 731AD
|
2. TANO
| 806/821
3. BIJAIRAJ I
| 821/853
4. DEORAJ, made Ludarva his capital
| 853/908
5. MUNDH --------- CHEDU
| 908/979
6. BACHHARAJ
| 979/1044
7. DUSAJ ---- SINGH ---- BAPIRAO ------ ANKHO ------ MALPASAO
| 1044/1123
8. BIJAIRAJ II -------- 1. JAISAL, founder of Jaisalmer in 1156.
| 1123/1148 | 1153/1168
9. BHOJDEO 2.SALIVAHAN II-------- 4.KAILAN
1148/1153 | 1168/1200 | 1200/1219
3.BAIJAL 5.CHACHACK DEO I
1200/1200 | 1219/1241
TEJ RAO
| dvp
9.JAITSI I ---------------------- 6. KARAN SINGH I
| 1276/1294 | 1241/1271
10.MULRAJA I ---- RATAN 7.LAKHAN SEN
| 1294/1295 | | 1271/1275
11.DUDA 12.GHARSI ---- KANAR 8.PUNPAL
1295/1306 | 1306/1335 1275/1276
13.KEHAR II (adopted)
| 1335/1402
SOMJI ---- 14. LACHMAN ---- KAILAN ---- KILKARAN ---- SATAL
| 1402/1436 (founded Satalmer)
15. BERSI
| 1436/1448
16. CHACHACK DEO II
| 1448/1457
17. DEVIDAS
| 1457/1497
18. JAITSI II
| 1497/1530
19. KARAN SINGH II --------- 20. LUNKARAN
1530/1530 | 1530/1551
21. MALDEO
| 1551/1562[edit] Notable Bhatti Rajputs
- Raja Aziz Bhatti (1928–1965) - A Pakistan Army staff officer who received the Nishan-e-Haider, Pakistan's highest military award, for his efforts during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
- Major Rizwan Hanif Bhatti - Deputy Assistant Judge Advocate General, Pakistan Army (57th Punjab Regiment)
- Rai Bular Bhatti - a 15th-century Muslim noble, mentioned in several stories in the Janamsakhis (Sikh religious texts)
- Khan Bahadur Rai Sultan Bhatti (Khan sb) - landowner and Muslim League leader of Pakistan Movement from Barana, Jhang / Sargodha
- Rai Ghulam Muhammad Bhatti - P.C.S., Registrar Co-operative Societies, West Pakistan
- Squadron Leader Rai Imtiaz Bhatti - recipient of Sitara-e-Jurat (Star of Courage), Pakistan Airforce, 1965-71 Wars
- Rai Muhammad Zafar Bhatti, Retired Sessions Judge, Advocate Lahore High Court from Barana, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
- Rai Hussain Khan Bhatti (1879–1937) - one of the largest landholders in the Punjab (Kot Hussain)
- Rai Hadayat Khan Bhatti - Landowner of Nankana (Kot Hussain)
- Rai Bashir Khan Bhatti - Ex-MLA, MNA, Nankana (Kot Hussain)
- Rai Rasheed Khan Bhatti - Ex-MPA, MNA, Nankana (Kot Hussain)
- Rai Aslam Khan Bhatti-Additional Commissioner
- Rai Akram Khan BhattiAdvocate
- Brig. Jhanzeb Bhatti
- Col.(RED) Riaz Bhatti
- Rai Shahjhan Khan Bhatti - MPA, Nankana (Kot Hussain)
- Rai Muhammad Saleem Bhatti - corporate lawyer at the Lahore High Court (Kot Hussain)
- Rawal Jaisal Singh Bhatti - founder of Jaisalmer and its ruling dynasty
- Dulla Bhatti - 16th-century fighter from Sandal Bar who led a rebellion against the Mughal emporer Akbar
- Abdul Rashid Bhatti- Ex-MPA, Lahore; a staunch supporter of the implementation of indigenous Punjabi culture and language in the Punjab
- Maharaja Maharawal Brijraj Singh Bhatti - Maharaja of Jaisalmer, India
- Rana Raj Wadhan - a Bhatti who took Lodhran from the Bhutta Raja
- Major Shaitan Singh - an Indian Rajput posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military decoration, for his efforts during the 1962 India-China War[8]
- General F Bhatti - hero of the Battle of Asal Uttar; his battalion stopped the Pakistan offensive for the capture of Amritsar. His son was decorated with the Shaurya Chakra and Sena Medal.
- Ch. Amjad Zahaur Bhatti - a zamindar of Dubber Bhattian Punjab; author of a history of Sukheki
- Bilal Bhatti Banker
- Chaudhry Mehdi Hassan Bhatti - ex-MNA; a Bhatti Jat and zamindar of Punjab
- Munga Singh Bhati - defeated Hoshang Shah of Mandu and decline Mughal control in Malwa (between 1550 and 1650 AD)
- Rana Muhammad Akram Khan - Chairman Punjab Bar Council, 2010–11
- Atta Mohammad Shahid Bhatti - Divisional Director of the Local Fund Audit Department (Multan and Bahawalpur)
- Rana Imran Aslam Khan - Program Officer, Assistant Constituency Coodinator NA-107 Tesil Kharian and Saraialamgir Disst Gujrat
- Ch. Saif Ullah Bhatti - village Kot Saif Ullah, Punjab, Pakistan
- Ch. Maaz Ullah Bhatti - LL.B; a grandson of Umer Baksh Bhatti, a warrior and loyal to the British monarchy and British colonial rule in India. Maaz Bhatti; member of Social Democrats Party of Germany and first grower of rice in Eichstetten, Germany.
- Ch Nasar Ullah Bhatti - Ex_chairman town commettee Sukheki & Chairman Ushar&zakat Distt.Hafizabad belongs to raputed Bhangsehka Zimindar family.
[edit] Bhati Fiefdoms
In Rajasthan- Jaisalmer
- Nachana
- Bikampur
- Nimbodia
- Satalmer
- Tanot
- Osian
- Umaidnagar
- Sodawas
- Khejarla
- Satheen
In Himachal Pradesh
- Sirmur
- Ratesh
[edit] Jadon Fiefdoms
In Uttar Pradesh- Karauli [Predecessor state of Mathura founded about in 900 A.D.]
- Inayati
- Awagarh
- Kathiwada
- amuna
- magarda
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